Introduction
- A letter of credit is a written undertaking given by a bank on behalf of the buyer to pay the seller an agreed sum within a specified time provided the seller presents documents strictly in accordance with the terms laid down in the letter of credit
- Exporting entails certain risks, such as:
- 经济风险(生产成本上升,资本流动变化减少,货币兑换率或利率上升变化,通货膨胀率上涨等)
- 政治风险(劳工纠纷,起义,恐怖主义,战争,进出口许可证的撤回,联合抵制,国有化,制裁等)以及可以归入同一类别的自然灾害,如环境灾害,地震等。
- 运输风险(海难,损失,火灾,盗窃,变质,破损或其他物质损失)
- 商业风险(不遵守合同条款,单方面抵制,付款或交付违约,破产,破产等)
- 合同风险(与私营或公共部门合伙人签订的合同,买卖商品合同,投资合同)
- 金融风险(信贷)
- 所有信用证都包含这些内容:
- 银行给予的付款承诺(开证行)
- on behalf of the buyer (applicant)
- a given amount of money
- on presentation of specified documents representing the supply of goods within specific time limits
- these documents conforming to terms and conditions set out in the letter of credit
- 文件将在指定地点提交
